Expansion Card

Also known as an add-on card, internal card or interface adapter, an expansion card is an electronic board or card added in a desktop computer or other non-portable computer to give that computer a new ability, such as the ability to connect to another computer using a network cable.

Network Interface Card

A network interface card is used to connect a computer to an Ethernet network. The card (shown in the figure below) provides an interface to the media. This may be either using an external transceiver (as shown) or through an internal integrated transceiver mounted on the network interface card PCB. The card usually also contains the protocol control firmware and Ethernet Controller needed to support the Medium Access Control (MAC) data link protocol used by Ethernet.

Cache Memory

Cache RAM is high-speed memory (usually SRAM) which is dedicated to storing frequently requested data. If the CPU needs data, it will check in the high-speed cache memory first before looking in the slower main memory. Cache memory may be three to five times faster than system DRAM. Most computers have two separate memory caches; L1 cache, located on the CPU, and L2 cache, located between the CPU and DRAM. L1 cache is faster than L2, and is the first place the CPU looks for its data. If data is not found in L1 cache, the search continues with L2 cache, and then on to DRAM.

Plug & Play

In computing, plug and play is a term used to describe the characteristic of a computer bus, or device specification, which facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system, without the need for physical device configuration, or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts.
Plug and play refers to both the traditional boot-time assignment of device resources and driver identification, as well as to hotplug systems such as USB and Firewire.

Sockets

A socket is an endpoint for communication between two machines.
The actual work of the socket is performed by an instance of the SocketImpl class. An application, by changing the socket factory that creates the socket implementation, can configure itself to create sockets appropriate to the local firewall.

Chips ( computer chips )

A small piece of semiconducting material (usually silicon) on which an integrated circuit is embedded. A typical chip is less than ¼-square inches and can contain millions of electronic components (transistors). Computers consist of many chips placed on electronic boards called printed circuit boards.
There are different types of chips. For example, CPU chips (also called microprocessors) contain an entire processing unit, whereas memory chips contain blank memory.

Slots

A narrow notch, groove, or opening, as a keyway in a piece of machinery, a slit for a coin in a vending machine, etc.
any of various openings in the wing or tail surface of an airplane used in connection with a high-lift or control device; specif., an air gap between the wing and an auxiliary airfoil, as an aileron or flap, providing for a smooth flow of air on the upper surface

Buslines

Motherboards are nothing more than very large and complex circuit boards. And like all circuit boards, motherboards send data in the form of electricity via the bus. The bus (or bus lines) are all those little wires that can be seen on the back of a circuit board. They are usually made from copper, though very high-end boards use gold. As electricity is sent across these lines, the receiving components convert the electricity into machine language. Machine language is represented as the binary system.

Serial Port

A port, or interface, that can be used for serial communication, in which only 1 bit is transmitted at a time.
Most serial ports on personal computers conform to the RS-232C or RS-422 standards. A serial port is a general-purpose interface that can be used for almost any type of device, including modems, mice, and printers (although most printers are connected to a parallel port).

Parallel Port



A port through which two or more data bits are passed simultaneously, such as all the bits of an 8-bit byte, and that requires as many input channels as the number of bits that are to be handled simultaneously. Contrast with serial port.

Universal Serial Bus

Short for Universal Serial Bus, an external bus standard that supports data transfer rates of 12 Mbps. A single USB port can be used to connect up to 127 peripheral devices, such as mice, modems, and keyboards. USB also supports Plug-and-Play installation and hot plugging.
Starting in 1996, a few computer manufacturers started including USB support in their new machines. It wasn't until the release of the best-selling iMac in 1998 that USB became widespread. It is expected to completely replace serial and parallel ports.

Firewire Port

FireWire is Apple Computer's version of a standard, IEEE 1394, High Performance Serial Bus, for connecting devices to your personal computer. FireWire provides a single plug-and-socket connection on which up to 63 devices can be attached with data transfer speeds up to 400 Mbps (megabits per second). The standard describes a serial bus or pathway between one or more peripheral devices and your computer's microprocessor.

HTML

• HTML is a language for describing web pages.

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.

• HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language

• HTML can describe web pages by using markup tags that call HTML tags

JAVASCRIPT

• An interpreted programming or script language from netscape.

• This script will make your text string form a wave and then scroll within the defined area.

• It was created using the Advanced Effect Maker that allows user to create more than 160 Flash and JavaScript effect

APPLETS

• A program written in the Java programming languge that can be include in an HTML page, much in the same way an image is included in a page.

• When you use a Java technology-enabled browser to view a page that contains an applet

• Applet's code is transferred to your system and executed by the Java Virtual Machine.(JVM)
  

BUSINESS-to-CONSUMER E-COMMERCE

• The buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet between a merchant and a consumer.

CONSUMER-to-CONSUMER E-COMMERCE

• E-business transactions conducted between two individuals

• There are many sites offering free classifieds, auctions, and forums where individuals can buy and sell thanks to online payment systems like PayPal where people can send and receive money online with ease.

• Provides succinct definitions of the many terms related to managing and implementing Internet marketing today

FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)

• A standard Internet protocol, is the simplest way to exchange files between computers on the Internet.

• Commonly used to transfer Web page files from their creator to the computer that acts as their server for everyone on Internet.

• It's also commonly used to download programs and other files to your computer from other servers.
  

FILTERS

• A program that accepts a certain type of data as input, transforms it in some manner, and then outputs the transformed data.

• A pattern through which data is passed. Only data that matches the pattern is allowed to pass through the filter.

• In paint program and image editors, a filter is an effect that can be applied to a bit map.Some filters mimic conventional photographic filters, but many transform images in unusual ways.A pointillism filter, for example, can make a digitized photograph look like a pointillistic painting.

WELCOME TO IT CAREER

Webmaster
An individual who manages a Web site. Depending on the size of the site, the Webmaster might be responsible for any of the following:
* Making sure that the Web server hardware and software is running properly
* Designing the Web site
* Creating and updating Web pages
* Replying to user feedback
* Creating CGI scripts
* Monitoring traffic through the site

The exponential growth of the World Wide Web has created an unprecedented demand for Webmasters.

Computer support specialist
* provide customers & computer users technical assistance, support, and advice

* answering telephone call and resolving recurrent difficulties

* divided into 2 categories :

→ technical support specialist

→ help-desk technicians

* technical support specialist answer telephone call from computer users

* help-desk technicians help computer user solve the question not answered in instruction manual

* they have good problem-solving and analytical skill

* able to communicate efficiently and effectively

!∆ efficiently - doing sometings well & thoroughly with no waste time, money, and energy

!∆ effectively - in a way that produces the intended result or a successful result

Technical writer

* a professional writer who designs, writes, creates, maintains, and updates technical documentation

* engineers, scientists, and other professionals may also produce technical writing

* someting handing their work for editing & formatting

* produce technical documentation for technical, business, and consumer audiences

Software engineer

* reserches, design, & develops software system to meet with clients requirements

* the system had been fully designed software engineers then test, debug, and maintain the systems

* need to have knowledge of a variety of computer programming languages and applications

* the most popular profession is in IT in terms of the numbers employed

Network administrator
As a key member of Advancement Services, this position is responsible for all aspects of network administration including servers, desktop systems, communications hardware/software and office systems.A person who manages a local area communications network (LAN) within an organization. Responsibilities include network security, installing new applications, distributing software upgrades, monitoring daily activity, enforcing licensing agreements, developing a storage management program and providing for routine backups. See system administrator, WAN administrator, system development cycle and salary survey.

Database administrator
A on database administrator (DBA) is responsible for the performance, integrity and security of a database. Additional role requirements are likely to include planning, development and troubleshooting.
The database approach incorporates the following principles :
* data remains consistent across the database;
* data is clearly defined;
* users access data concurrently, in a form that suits their needs;
* there is provision for data security and recovery control (all data is retrievable in an emergency).
Database administrator (DBA) roles are increasingly identified by the databases and processes they administer and the capabilities of the database management system (DBMS) in use.

System analyst
A systems analyst is responsible for researching, planning, coordinating and recommending software and system choices to meet an organization's specific business requirements.
Systems analyst may act as liaison between vendors/suppliers and the organization they represent. They may be responsible for developing cost analyses, design considerations, and implementation time-lines.
They may also be responsible for feasibility studies of a computer system before making recommendations to senior management.

Programmer
* Test and develop programming modifications.
* Write new program code using prescribed specifications.
* Evaluate simple interrelationships between programs such as whether a contemplated change in one part of a program would cause unwanted results in a related part.
* Analyze performance of programs and take action to correct deficiencies based on consultation with users and approval of supervisor.
* Confer with users to gain understanding of needed changes or modifications of existing programs. Resolve questions of program intent, data input, output requirements, and inclusion of internal checks and controls.
* Write and maintain programming documentation.
* Analyze NT client/server and micro-computer based software solutions compatibility with company requirements.
* Maintain confidentiality with regard to the information being processed, stored or accessed.
* Document programming problems and resolutions for future reference.
* Assist personnel of other departments as a computer resource.
* Other duties as assigned.